世卫组织（2001）的一项调查表明，有些人认为没有必要治愈无法治愈的精神疾病，而且精神病污名的影响很难衡量和解决。但事实是，精神病患者的寿命比其他人短20岁（谁，2010）。世卫组织（2001）进一步指出，心理和行为障碍患者康复的最大障碍是污名和歧视。
链接和麦克·费兰（2001）确定社会学视角下的耻辱，他们认为耻辱只存在当标签、刻板印象、认知差异、身份歧视的损失同时作用。他们还认为，耻辱的过程取决于社会、政治和经济力量的使用。心理疾病污名不仅使患者抵抗治疗（Rusch，托德，Bodenhausenc，weidend，与里根，2009c），而且继续污名的负面影响甚至在疾病或症状得到控制（Jorm，克里斯坦森，&格利菲斯，2006；韦哈格和制动器，2011）。
在美国，挪威，希腊和德国的进一步的研究证实，心理疾病污名存在广泛的不同程度（Rusch N，Angermeyer M C，里根P W 2005）。精神病患者不可避免地受到污名的负面影响，他们的社会身份、社会网络和自尊被污名所破坏（Chung K F，Wong M C 2004）。这种情况不可避免地加重了病人的病情，他们可能过着像吸烟或酗酒这样的致命疾病的生活。更多的调查显示，超过60%的精神疾病患者有问题，找工作喜欢租房子日常生活（Corrigan P W，kleinlein 2005页）。此外，精神卫生工作者或患者的亲友可能会受到污名的负面影响，这被称为礼貌污名或联想污名。麦克·费兰（19982000）研究了156例患者和他们的家人，发现1/3人躲在他们的家庭成员进行心理疾病患者的事实，1/4人使用，被其他人因为精神病人的关系（Corrigan P W，克尔，努森L. 2005）。这些事实和研究表明，解决精神病污名问题是十分必要的。
患有精神疾病的人有易激动和危险的标签，这使精神病人的偏见和歧视变得更加隐蔽和难以察觉。和精神疾病污名化的研究也发现，很难评价由外显测量柱头干预的实际效果（Angermeyer和matschinger，2005；Corrigan &夏皮罗，2010）。精神病的内隐污名是学者和专家关注的问题。teachman（2006）采用间接测量首次精神疾病污名研究，它也被视为内隐心理疾病污名研究开始（公牛与肖，2007）。
Nursing assignment代写:精神病患者污名的负面影响
According to the data from the WHO (2007) there are over one billion people suffering from mental illnesses all around the world today, however more than half of them reluctant to accept treatment. And those who have already recovered are facing big barriers when they go back to their normal lives. What reasons cause this situation? Some people feel that there is no particular reason for it, and the seriousness has been exaggerated (WHO 2010), but Jack Heath (2013) argued that ‘so long as stigma, prejudice and stereotypes go unchallenged, people will delay seeking help and find it harder to accept their diagnosis and treatment’. The study of Rusch and Corrigan (2010) further pointed that explicit measurement cannot accurately reflect the real attitude of people to mental illness patients. For all these viewpoints, there are still disputes about the stigma of mental illness.
The argument about the necessity to reduce mental illness stigma
A survey of the WHO (2001) showed that some people feel that it had no need to cure mental illness which was incurable, and the impact of mental illness stigma is hard to measure and solve. But the fact is that the lifespan of mental illness patients is 20 years shorter than other people (WHO, 2010). The WHO (2001) further pointed that the biggest obstacle of the recovery of the patients with psychological and behavioral disorders was the stigma and discrimination.
Link and Phelan (2001) identified the stigma from the perspective of sociology, they argued that the stigma only existed when the label, stereotyping, cognitive distinction, loss of identity and discrimination acted at the same time. They also believed that the process of stigma depended on the use of society, politics and economic power. The mental illness stigma not only cause the patients resist treatments (Rusch, Todd, Bodenhausenc, Weidend, & Corrigan, 2009c), but also continue the negative effects of stigma even when the symptoms of the disease or disorder are under control (Jorm, Christensen, & Griffiths, 2006; Verhaeghe & Bracke, 2011).
Further studies in The United States, Norway, Greece and Germany confirmed that the mental illness stigma existed widespread with different degrees (Rusch N, Angermeyer M C, Corrigan P W 2005). Patients with mental diseases affected by the negative impact of stigma inevitably, their social identity, social networks and self-esteem are damaged by the stigma (Chung K F, Wong M C 2004). And this situation inevitably aggravates the condition of patients, they may live a life with bad habits like smoking or drinking which can cause fatal diseases. More investigations show that over 60% patients with mental diseases have problems in many aspects of daily life like house renting and finding jobs (Corrigan P W, Kleinlein P. 2005). Moreover the mental health workers or the friends and relatives of patients may get the negative effects of stigma, which is called courtesy stigma or associative stigma. Phelan (1998,2000) studied in 156 patients and their family members to find out that 1/3 people hid the facts that their family members were patients with mental diseases, 1/4 people used to be rejected by other people because of the relationship with mental patients (Corrigan P W, Kerr A, Knudsen L. 2005). All these facts and studies show that it is necessary to solve the issues about mental illness stigma.
