MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写
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MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写
) A
critical glossary of 1500 words 40%
Choose 6-8 of the weekly keywords and produce glossary definitions of around 200-300 words. Offer a definition of the keyword in your own words (no direct quotation) and critically reflect on how the term has been used in media research. Organise your selected entries in alphabetical order.
The aim of this assessment task is to demonstrate your your understanding of key concepts and how they have been/can be mobilised in media research. While it is expected that many of your definitions will be drawn from the lectures and readings, for some keywords, you may need to conduct additional research. NB. some of the keywords can be applied to other fields of inquiry., so please ensure that the definition you provide is related to media and communication.
Weekly Keywords
Week 1: Cultivation, cultural indicators, desensitisation, mean world syndrome, media effects, content analysis, qualitative methods, quantitative methods.
Week 2: discourse, critical discourse analysis, lexical choice, ideology, labeling.
Week 3: rhetoric, poststructuralism, nonfiction film, documentary, icons, index.
DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO
MEDIA
MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA
RESEARCH
Dr Matthew Sini
DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
‣ DISCOURSE
‣ DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
‣ APPROACHES
‣ CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
‣ KEY CONCEPTS
LANGUAGE NOT ONLY “SAYS”
THINGS.
LANGUAGE ALSO “DOES”
THINGS.
DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
WHAT IS DISCOURSE?
▸ from Latin discursus, meaning “running across” or “running
to and fro”
▸ the “landscape” in which media texts operate
▸ this discursive landscape shapes the way in which we
speak about the world.
DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
DISCOURSES OF SEXUALITY
▸
According to 19th century, neither homosexuality nor
heterosexuality “existed" as discourses.
TEXT
WHAT IS DISCOURSE ANALYSIS?
▸ Examines patterns of language across texts and considers
the relationship between language and the social and
cultural contexts in which it’s used.
▸ The ways that use of language is influenced by
relationships between participants as well as the effects
the use of language has upon social identities and
relations.
“NEWS IS A REPRESENTATION OF THE WORLD IN LANGUAGE … IT IMPOSES A
STRUCTURE OF VALUES, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IN ORIGIN, ON WHATEVER IS
REPRESENTED. NEWS IS A REPRESENTATION IN THE SENSE OF CONSTRUCTION;
IT IS NOT A VALUE-FREE REFLECTION OF “FRUITS” … EACH PARTICULAR FORM
OF LINGUISTIC EXPRESSION IN A TEXT – WORDING, SYNTACTIC OPTION, ETC. –
HAS ITS REASON. THERE ARE ALWAYS DIFFERENT WAYS OF SAYING THE SAME
THING, AND THEY ARE NOT RANDOM, ACCIDENTAL ALTERNATIVES. DIFFERENCES
IN EXPRESSION CARRY IDEOLOGICAL DISTINCTIONS (AND THUS DIFFERENCES IN
REPRESENTATION.”
(FOWLER, 1991: 4)
DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
DISCURSIVE APPROACHES TO MEDIA
APPROACHES
▸ focus on language in use to discover how it varies and relate
this variation to different social situations and environments, or
different users.
▸ Focus on the activity of language use, rather than the language
itself.
▸ Looks for patterns in the language associated with a particular
topic or activity.
▸ Patterns within much larger contexts, such as those referred to
as “society” or “culture.”
TEXT
CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (CDA)
“CDA has a range of approaches, but is guided mostly by these ideas:
Addressing social problems
View of power relations as discursive
Discourse as something that constitutes society and culture
Discourse does ideological work
Discourse is historical
The link between text and society is mediated
Discourse analysis is interpretive and explanatory
Discourse is a form of social action”
(Lé and Lé, p. 8)
TEXT
KEY CONCEPT 1: SOCIAL POWER
“Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another
person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.” –
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
CDA more interested in implicit rather than
explicit forms of social power.
TEXT
KEY CONCEPT 2: IDEOLOGY
Ideology “is defined in terms of the fundamental cognitive beliefs
that are at the basis of the social representations shared by the
members of a group. Thus, people may have ideological racist or
sexist beliefs (e.g. about inequality) that are at the basis of racist
and sexist prejudices shared by the members in their group, and
that condition their discourse and other social practices. We thus
at the same time are able to link ideologies with discourse, and
hence with the ways they are (discursively) reproduced, as well as
the ways members of a group represent and reproduce their
social position and conditions in their social cognitions and
discourses” (van Dijk 2004, p. 27).
TEXT
IDEOLOGY CONT
TEXT
KEY CONCEPT 3: SOCIAL PRACTICES
▸ Social practices are the processes and effects in which
discourse is seen to operate.
TEXT
CDA METHODOLOGY
▸ Describe
▸ Interpret
▸ Explain
▸ Reflect
MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写
TEXT
CDA AND NEWS MEDIA
TEXT
DISADVANTAGES/CRITIQUES OF CRITICAL/DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
▸ Linguistic bias.
▸ Cultural bias. Mostly Western focus.
▸ Often ahistorical.
▸ Methodology is not systematic or rigorous (CDA especially).
▸ Political and social ideologies are projected into the data
rather than being revealed through the data. Tendency
towards confirmation bias.
DISCOURSE SHAPES OUR MEANING-MAKING AND SOCIAL PRACTICE. IT
REGULATES OUR CULTURE AND ITS CULTURAL PRODUCTS BY DEFINING
AND PRODUCING THE OBJECTS OF OUR KNOWLEDGE. BEING ATTENTIVE
TO THE ROLE THAT DISCOURSE PLAYS IN THE MEDIA WILL HELP US
UNDERSTAND THE NETWORK OF IDEOLOGIES AND THE PROCESSES OF
HEGEMONY IN CONTEXT, RATHER THAN LOCATING IT SOLELY IN ONE OR
TWO TEXTS. IT CONNECTS SOCIAL REALITY TO REPRESENTATIONAL
FORMS AND INTENDS TO REVEAL TO US THE STATUS QUO.
MECM20011: APPROACHES TO MEDIA RESEARCH assignment 代写
