代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering
100%原创包过,高质代写&免费提供Turnitin报告--24小时客服QQ&微信：120591129
代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
UNSW
Tommy Wiedmann
(t.wiedmann@unsw.edu.au)
Acknowledgement: Some slides are based on previous material by Kristen Splinter, Stephen Moore and Hazel Rowley.
ENGG1000: Engineering Design and Innovation
Associate Professor Tommy Wiedmann
Week 5 – Sustainability Lecture 2
Environmental Impact Assessment
What are
Environmental Impacts?
Definition of “ENVIRONMENT”
“includes all aspects of the surroundings of humans,
whether effecting any human as an individual or in
his or her social groupings”
NSW Environmental Planning & Assessment Act 1979 (EPAA)
Examples of Environmental Impacts
• Pollution / contamination (of soil, water and air)
• Resource use (minerals, non-renewable and
renewable materials, land use)
• Energy consumption (fuels and electricity)
• Global warming (climate change)
• Biodiversity loss (plants and animals)
• Ecotoxicity (also: human toxicity)
• Noise, odours and other nuisances (also: accidents)
• Visual impact
Source: http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?page_id=43
Impact Categories in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
"Impact
categories shall
reflect a
comprehensive
set of
environmental
issues related
to the system
being studied,
taking the goal
and scope into
consideration."
Why assessing
environmental impacts?
To avoid them!
http://youtu.be/L74O4VfydPM
Environmental Law
and Regulation in NSW
NSW Legislation related to the Environment
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EP&A Act)
Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EP&A Regulation)
Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (EPAA)
Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EPAR)
Principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development
Development Assessment (NSW)
http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/en/Assess-and-Regulate/Development-Assessment
What triggers an EIA process in NSW?
http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Assess-and-Regulate/Development-Assessment/Systems
http://majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au
Major Projects in NSW
CBD and South East Light Rail Project
http://www.majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au/index.pl?action=view_job&job_id=6042
Galilee Coal Project
http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/assessments-and-approvals/south-galilee-coal-project.html
http://www.southgalilee.com.au
Coal Terminal Expansions at Abbot Point and Hay Point
http://www.dsdip.qld.gov.au/assessments-and-approvals/
abbot-point-coal-terminal-expansion-stage-3.html
http://www.abc.net.au/environment/articles/2013/12/11/3909685.htm
http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/content/2014/s4056716.htm
Austen Quarry Expansion near Lithgow
http://majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au/index.pl?action=view_job&job_id=6084
Recent examples of Major Developments
in Australia
代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering
Assessing
Environmental Impacts
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
A general term which refers to the process of assessing the
potential impacts of a proposed development or activity.
Most development applications must be accompanied by
some form of EIA (as part of an EIS)
– EIA enables the decision maker to understand the likely
impacts of the proposal before deciding whether to grant
consent or not.
– The assessment process also encourages the applicant
and the decision maker to consider what measures can be
adopted to minimise the impact of a proposal.
An environmental impact statement (EIS) is a document
legally required for certain actions "significantly affecting
the quality of the human environment".
An EIS is a tool for decision making.
It describes the positive and negative environmental
effects of a proposed action, and it usually also lists one
or more alternative actions that may be chosen instead
of the action described in the EIS.
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
The Basics: EIA and EIS
EIA = Environmental Impact Assessment
• “process” included in the planning of a project
EIS = Environmental Impact Statement
• A “report” that may or may not be legally required in the EIA
for a particular project; a “tool” of EIA
All EIS for NSW on 'Major Projects' website
http://www.majorprojects.planning.nsw.gov.au
Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000
Content of Environmental Impact Statements I
Content of Environmental Impact Statements II
Identification of Impacts
• Director of Planning advice and Authority consultation
• Standard checklists & EIS guidelines
– See examples on Moodle,
e.g.: EIS_Guideline_Sewerage_DUAP_1996.pdf
• Previous EISs
– similar projects
– same geographic area
• Study team brainstorming
• Interaction matrix (Leopold matrix)
• Community consultation
• Table with 100 project actions and 88
environmental characteristics (Leopold et al 1971)
• Allows to link
environmental
impacts to
activities
The Leopold Matrix
https://vimeo.com/131393172
Horizontal
Axis:
Project
Actions
http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
Project
Actions
continued
http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
Project
Actions
continued
http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
Vertical
Axis:
Environm.
Factors
http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
Environm.
Factors
continued
http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
Environm.
Factors
continued
• Horizontal – development actions
• Vertical – environmental factors
• Place slash (/) where significant
interaction is expected
• Not all the actions and factors
apply to every project proposal;
in some cases, other actions and
factors not considered in the table
may be warranted
• Estimate magnitude and
importance of impact
(where 1 is least and 10 is
greatest)
• The typical number of interactions
is between 25 and 50.
magnitude
importance
Filling in a Leopold Matrix
http://ponce.sdsu.edu/the_leopold_matrix.html
Reading:
Dandy &
Warner -
Environmental
and Social
Consideration
of Engineering
Systems.pdf
Example of a Leopold Matrix
• subjectivity
(no independent/objective assessment scale)
• changes over time not considered
• some double counting may occur
• discrete 2-way interactions only
> more complex interactions and feedback ignored
• no cumulative impacts considered
Disadvantages of the Leopold Matrix
EIA: Making Judgements
YOU as the consultant, engineer or environmental
decision-makers will need to make judgementsand
assessments of the environmental impacts.
Ø Needs to be explicit and transparent
Ø May be descriptive, but should try to be quantitative
Ø Alternatives and mitigating factors should be
considered
Summary – Criticisms of EIA / EIS
§ in some cases a (political) decisions may already have
been made > then EIS is more a formality or justification
for project
§ some detrimental projects may bypass the EIA/EIS
process (if not deemed “significant”)
§ little attention to cumulative effects and synergistic effects
§ time frame limited (how scientific and rigorous can the
assessment be?)
§ limited capacity of decision makers to review all details of
an EIS
§ commissioned by the proponent (i.e. not independent),
exploitation of legal loop holes
Textbook on EIA
6 th edition from 2014 is latest edition
ENGG1000 Sustainability Assignment
on Moodle
Beware! An assignment that includes plagiarised material will
receive a 0% Fail, and students who plagiarise may fail the
course. Students who plagiarise are also liable to disciplinary
action, including exclusion from enrolment.
Plagiarism is the use of another person’s work or ideas as if they
were your own. When it is necessary or desirable to use other
people’s material you should adequately acknowledge whose
words or ideas they are and where you found them (giving the
complete reference details, including page number(s)). The
Learning Centre provides further information on what constitutes
Plagiarism at:
https://student.unsw.edu.au/plagiarism
PLAGIARISM
The purpose of this is to enable you to be informed
by your demonstrators of your performance in the
report you will receive back that day.
While it may not seem important to you, it actually is,
as it will give you guidance when you work with later
assignments.
Feedback session – Week 11
Workshop Rooms
代写 UNSW ENGG1000: Engineering
